Currently as far as is known, search results and collections items can only be sorted by year. Multiple records with the same year creation date cannot be further sorted.
See https://knowledge.exlibrisgroup.com/Primo/Product_Documentation/Primo/Technical_Guide/010The_PNX_Record/080The_Sort_Section

"[The Sort section] is not applicable to Primo VE environments. Only the Display, Facets, and Search sections are configurable in Primo VE"

I would like to be able to sort a set of records by specific date (day, month, year) in any list of multiple records (collection with items view, basic brief records view, etc.).

This could be based on whatever date structure is necessary (yyyymmdd, etc.) and could use any possible MARC field, though MARC 033 $a seems like the best choice for basing a function on a structured exact date.

Alternatively, allow users to configure custom sort indexes based on fields of their choice.